What is Queuing Analysis in M/M/1 and M/M/m in AI ?
The Queuing Analysis in M/M/1 and M/M/m in AI usually consists of one or more servers that can deliver the required services request based on the queue formed by these requests. The concept of queuing usually used where queues formed due to the limited resources. To handle this situation, different queuing models have developed which can create an equilibrium in providing service to customers while increasing the usage of available resources. There lot of daily life related examples that considered as queuing systems, such as cash withdrawal service of banks, factory or products manufacturing plants, car maintenance workshops, telecommunications industry or computers and so on. There are three main components in a queuing system: Arrival Method; Service procedure; Discipline Queue.
Queuing Analysis in M/M/1 and M/M/m in AI: Arrival Method
Arrival of data from one or more different sources it may referred as the calling data or population. The calling data can be less or more it depends.
Queuing Analysis in M/M/1 and M/M/m in AI: Service procedure
This component of the queuing scheme identified by the number of different servers working in the system. In this mechanism either the server has its own dedicated queue or multiple servers have their own queue or a common queue for all of them.
Discipline Queue
In this component or model of queue, a rule generally defined that determines how a server will entertain the upcoming data or customer requests. When a server will complete the service from current customer then if there is any more customers in the queue then according to the defined rule it pick up the customer who has priority than others. Following some commonly used queue disciplines:
- FIFO – Data or requests served as the first-in first-out manner.
- LIFO – Data or requests served as the last-in first-out method.
- Priority – Data or requests served as priority basis of their service requirements.
Model of M/M/1 and M/M/m
According to the theory of queue, M/M/1 queue represents the queue size in a system where single server is working. Data arrival requests determined by a process of Poisson and task completion time which has an exponential distribution. Kendall’s notation represents this model which is a very basic model for theory of queuing and a smart module of study as closed-form terminologies can be obtained for many metrics of interest. If we add at least one more server with this model then it will become the M/M/m queue model. In this model many servers working there, so desired tasks do not need to long wait for its required service. Each task has an exponentially spread facility time.
ANN use in Behavior of Queuing model?
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) the subpart of machine learning which used for regression, pattern recognition, clustering and time series forecasting. There are numerous studies that use ANNs as a way of predicting chaotic patterns through a queuing system, one example is financial forecasting.
In order to implement queuing theory for ANN, first step will be to make sure that the selected queuing model follow the distributions. This done by counting the arrival time of every unit and clocking that time according to the served customer. Then next step will be to use the given data for training the ANN model. Finally, the usage of ANN model tested for the predicting the behavior of arrival request. In this blog the model trained on the data from one week and it then used to develop a model in order to test its response on the next week.
Training algorithm Choice
There are different data training algorithms that can be used for the neural networks training. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) the hot favorite algorithm when the training of the ANN network required. LMA algorithm the most appropriate method for the normal sized of datasets. Bayesian regularization also a good choice because it used for small and noisy data. But LMA produce good results for training dataset and it is more accurate as well. During our research on multiple algorithms it observed that MATLAB had a great toolbox with it, it called Neural Network Toolbox, this a good platform for work in this way. This toolbox is easily use to train the ANN and other algorithms like Bayesian regularization algorithm and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and many other.
Collection of Data
Data collection is a team work not a single man effort. There lot of data sets that chosen in this task for example, number of customers under separate time slots, assessed management times per customer while dealing them, time of queuing etc. The data collected from three years back from today. However, due to the slow procedure of getting permission from the different firms we have got only 140 days data not more than this. The efforts and time and resource used to collect data from one store.
Training and Testing of data
The algorithm designed on networks having different size and delay. The smallest network consisted of 8 neurons with a minimum delay of 2 while the largest network had 70 neurons with a minimum delay of 60. The results evaluated for these different networks in such a way that different initial values and parameters tuned to get optimal results. The maximum results obtained with 10 neurons and delay of 8.
Results
The results of Queuing Analysis in M/M/1 and M/M/m in AI, the trained model shown in the figures below. The targets and output in blue used for training while the green and red targets represent validation and testing. The orange line represents the errors between the actual and the target outputs.
Figure1: Training and testing on a four-week time span. Customers are at y-axis, time-steps are shown on the x-axis
Figure 2: One week’s results are shown as black line. Customers are at y-axis, time-steps are shown on the x-axis
Figure3: Performance of the network. One day shows as black line.
Figure4: Errors occurs during the data training in ANN.
Figure5: The relationship between inputs and outputs
Figure6: Customers in between February 1 – 3 March.
Figure7: Customers predicted in February 1 – 3 March.
Figure 8: Representation of one week. The red line is for uneven steps.
Figure9: Representation of one week, 13th of March to 19th of March.
Discussion
The study shows that we can predict the customer’s conduct with using the artificial neural network by training our system with the supervised learning algorithms using queuing theory. it could be used to optimize staff scheduling. However, to ensure the accuracy more testing and training data is required to improve the overall performance. If more data will available the more training will possible on the neural network and then more accurate testing will be possible.
